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假冒仍然是非洲的挑战

# 假冒仍然是非洲的挑战

保罗·拉马拉
- 21 10 月 2019

### 对于旨在合法打入非洲市场的跨国品牌来说，假冒仍然是一项重大挑战，但反假冒法律和措施在非洲越来越受欢迎。

“一些非洲国家没有足够的知识产权 (IP) 保护；然而，肯尼亚、加纳、乌干达和坦桑尼亚等国正在取得进展，”律师事务所 Spoor & Fisher 合伙人表示 [保罗·拉马拉](https://spoor.com/our-people/paul-ramara/).

他说，非洲国家特别容易受到假冒商品的销售，因为非洲大陆的大部分商业活动都发生在不受监管的市场上。此外，可能会破坏国家之间的边界，从而导致走私。

在许多非洲国家，即使有足够的法律，人力资源不足也会导致知识产权保护没有得到适当执行。

Ramara 表示，假冒产品通过阻止外国直接投资减少了税收并抑制了经济增长。

他提到，为了吸引外国直接投资，知识产权保护是需要确保的首要因素之一。

“销售假冒商品夺走了本应属于原始制造商的市场份额。这不仅对拥有知识产权的公司有害，而且对被欺骗购买劣质仿冒品的消费者有害。有时，这可能是致命的。”

Ramara 补充说，虽然劣质鞋和廉价手机等假冒产品在市场上引起了挫折，但最令人担忧的是假冒药品造成的损害。据估计，此类药品占非洲药品市场的30%至60%之间。

世界卫生组织估计，非洲每年约有 10 万人死于假药。

然而，假冒也影响了工业市场，假冒的轴承、驱动器、泵、机器零件和阀门等，被用于制造和生产。

“这会给那些操作机器或使用装有假冒零件的车辆的人带来安全风险，因为它们的制造质量标准与原始零件不同，”Ramara 说 *工程新闻*.

### 对抗天灾

虽然非洲的大部分假货来自东方，尤其是中国，但也有一些假货来自其他国家，甚至有一小部分是在非洲土地上制造的。

南非已完全遵守与贸易有关的知识产权协议——即 TRIPS——协议，并已充分合法化防伪。 Ramara 说，有时面临的挑战是缺乏应对假冒的协调策略。

例如，南非警察局和约翰内斯堡地铁警察于 8 月在约翰内斯堡进行了几次突袭，查获了价值数百万兰特的假冒商品。然而，至少有七名警察因将没收的货物转卖给非法贸易商或事先向他们提供信息以逃避法律制裁而被捕。

*“腐败，正如逮捕这些警察所证明的那样，有时是一个挑战。然而，一些善意的执法人员正在不知疲倦地努力打击南非和其他非洲国家的犯罪活动，”* Ramara 说，他在非洲国家煽动和监督了突袭。

国际商会制止假冒和盗版的商业行动将尼日利亚描述为 *“通往非洲其他地区假冒产品的门户”*， 和 *“没有知识产权保护，没有司法先例证明的保护和缓慢的法庭程序”。*

Ramara 指出，这一发现可能过于严厉，因为尼日利亚确实有几部可以适用于假冒产品的法律。然而，它们不仅不同，而且执行起来既费时又麻烦。

*“也许非洲最大的经济体和人口最多的国家需要具体的反假冒立法和一个具体的反假冒机构，就像肯尼亚和南非所拥有的那样。”*

尼日利亚当局最近对入境口岸的品牌识别培训表现出兴趣。 Spoor & Fisher 代表大型跨国公司成功地与尼日利亚海关官员进行了品牌识别培训。

肯尼亚正在实施海关备案系统来处理假冒商品。 Ramara 表示，这一举措受到欢迎，特别是因为大多数假冒商品都是进口的。

海关备案系统对于成功打击假冒商品和保护知识产权至关重要。

*“理想情况下，更多的非洲国家应该建立海关备案系统，以确保打击假冒祸害的效率，”* 他总结道。

*本文首发于《工程新闻》。*