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通过数字访问和内容为社区赋能

# 通过数字访问和内容为社区赋能

斯普尔和费舍尔
- 14 11 月 2019

### 为南非社区提供负担得起且可靠的互联网接入是一个必须解决的众所周知的问题。

但这只是一个更广泛问题的第一部分，该问题首先需要授权人们最有效地从访问中受益。

人们在网上访问什么与他们如何访问它一样重要。

从根本上说，当地社区如何在利用互联网上可用的所有信息和服务的同时保持自己的身份并为居民创造价值？

这是根据开普敦大学 (UCT) Hasso-Plattner 研究所研究学院协调员、计算机科学系高级讲师、UCT 中心 ICT4D 成员 Melissa Densmore 博士的说法。她在最近由 UCT Research Contracts and Innovation (RC&I) 主办并由领先的国际知识产权律师事务所 Spoor & Fisher 赞助的 Café Scientifique 活动上发表讲话。

Café Scientifique 是一项公共科学倡议，它邀请科学家们用外行的话谈论他们的工作。

“与其依赖（并等待）服务提供商推出光纤和其他复杂的接入技术，社区必须确定如何最好地利用他们必须连接的基础设施和资源。建立基于社区的 Wi-Fi 并让社区自行设定定价是推动可访问性的另一种且通常更可行的方法，”Densmore 说。

例如，如果失业者一开始甚至无法访问它们，公共和私营部门组织创建就业门户的意义何在？大多数网站都针对捐助者并吸引当地投资的兴趣，而不是针对社区居民。

“内容创作成为这方面的关键因素。我们需要了解我们社区中的资源，而不是只在它们之外寻找解决方案和价值。这不仅适用于艺术和娱乐等创意方面，也适用于商人和专业人士。通过这种方式，在超地方层面提供了就业机会，社区可以发展，而不是看到人们搬到别处，”登斯莫尔补充道。

她说，提供访问权限的人与社区如何开发访问权限以促进自身成功并帮助使互联网更加多样化之间仍然存在脱节。

“有多少移动应用程序开发者首先考虑本地化或确保他们创建的内容包含所有南非人？它可能像在下载图像之前显示图像有多大（以及它在 Rand 术语中的含义）一样简单。将互联网首次进入该国时的旧（以带宽为重点）敏感性与数字一代的创新思维相结合，将创造更具包容性的环境。”

数字技术归结为将人与人联系起来。然而，最大的挑战之一是在向隔壁邻居发送消息时，访问是通过海底电缆管理的，这增加了成本和复杂性，而不是直接访问。

“让邻居免费相互交流是创建数字化社会的基础。这需要一种范式转变，让社区可以控制自己的访问和内容，同时仍然能够利用全球信息、产品和服务。因此，服务提供商必须少考虑在个人层面上提供访问权限，而更多地考虑将其提供给整个社区。”

这是一场关于改变商业模式和赋予社区权力的讨论。

“我们必须问自己，我们如何让那些带宽受限的用户通过他们的移动设备更有效地访问互联网？这种访问几乎每天都在发生变化，社区必须能够掌控他们需要的东西，而不是依赖他人来做到这一点，”Densmore 补充道。

Densmore 与 David L Johnson 和 Josiah Chavula 等人一起参与了名为 iNethi (inethi.net) 的平台的开发，旨在通过支持可通过本地 Wi-Fi 接入点访问的本地内容和服务来增强社区能力.

在 Ocean View，与 OVComm Dynamic Cooperative 合作，正在建立一个社区无线网络，让居民可以免费访问当地的商业信息、基于社区的媒体以及维基百科和可汗学院视频等开源资源。在 Sonic Wireless 的慷慨支持下，OVComm 还将能够为其会员提供低成本的互联网访问。

“通过这种伙伴关系和其他 iNethi 部署，我们正在探索如何促进本地内容创建以及如何为带宽受限的社区最好地设计数字媒体。我们希望以社区为中心的方法不仅会产生更多与本地相关的数字内容，而且有朝一日会带来更具包容性的代表性互联网，”Densmore 总结道。