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[最新消息和见解/](https://spoor.com/zh/knowledge-centre/latest-news-and-insights/) › 中国制造：OEM 产品以及为什么要在中国注册商标 # 中国制造：OEM 产品以及为什么要在中国注册商标 苏梅特 - 11 6 月 2021 如果带有您商标的产品是在中国制造和贴牌的，那么在中国注册您的商标比以往任何时候都更加重要。 大多数 OEM 产品的南非买家认为在南非注册他们的商标就足够了，因为这是产品被宣传和销售给最终消费者的地方。但是，当商标应用于中国制造的 OEM 产品时，可能会出现问题，特别是如果该商标（或类似商标）是由另一家中国公司注册的。 ### 中国和原始设备制造商 作为“原始设备制造商”（OEM）产品的来源地，中国长期以来一直受到南非买家的欢迎。澄清一下，OEM 是为其买家生产产品或零件的制造商，它以自己的商标将这些产品转售给最终客户。 通常，OEM 不仅生产产品，而且还使用买方规定的商标对产品进行品牌包装和包装。然后由买方收集成品并通过买方的零售和分销渠道运往目的地国家进行销售。 ### 相互矛盾的决定 中国法院就OEM产品以及应用于这些产品的商标是否在中国“使用”做出了一些相互矛盾的裁决。 多年来的观点是，代工制造可能构成对商标的“使用”，但只要该使用不会导致混淆的可能性，就不存在商标侵权。 最高人民法院（“最高人民法院”）在 *浦江大环锁业有限公司 v Focker Security Products International Limited* (2015)（“PRETUL 案”）和 *江苏常嘉金丰动力机械有限公司诉上海柴油机股份有限公司* (2017) (“东风案”)。从这些决定来看，在贴牌加工过程中贴上商标的行为属于“使用”，但在评估与贴牌生产的商品混淆的可能性时，可能不存在混淆，因此不构成商标侵权. 事情在 2019 年发生了变化 *[本田](https://global.honda/) Motor Co Ltd v 重庆恒盛鑫泰贸易有限公司* (2019) 或 *本田*. 最高人民法院在判决中改变了PRETUL案和东风案的先例，认为OEM出口活动不存在特别豁免。特别是，为了确定混淆的可能性，它定义了“相关公众”，包括所有可能获得“侵权商品”（OEM制造的商品）出口的经营者和消费者。 **SPC 提出了一些影响 OEM 和商标使用的关键调查结果，即： ** - 调查发现，有可能与交通运输企业取得联系，并且在电子商务和互联网的条件下，即使OEM货物出口，货物仍有可能返回中国。因此，代工商品上的商标存在为相关公众区分商品来源的功能。 - 它发现商标享有地域保护，因此，买方不能依赖其在外国（如南非）的商标权授予 OEM 使用商标的授权。因此，外国买家的授权使用不能作为在中国商标侵权诉讼中的抗辩理由。 因此，在中国将在南非注册的商标贴在仅用于出口到南非的商品上可能构成对在中国注册的相同或类似商标的侵权。 更新： [OEM买家需要在中国注册商标](https://spoor.com/oem-buyers-need-to-register-their-trademarks-in-china/) ### 最近的发展 这 *本田* 该案虽然不一定对所有法院都具有约束力，但已成为法院处理OEM和商标使用的重要参考。中国法院最近的几项判决都效仿了最高人民法院的做法，认为 OEM 可能导致中国的商标侵权。 此外，也许是买家更关心的问题，中国海关也改变了立场。涉嫌侵犯中国商标的 OEM 产品在边境被扣留和/或扣押，即使在有证据证明货物仅用于出口的情况下也是如此。如果您曾经被海关扣留或扣押过您的产品，您就会知道这种不幸的情况可能伴随着管理上的麻烦、成本和销售损失。 这个问题的不确定性仍然存在，但有一点达成共识：避免 OEM 产品出现问题的最有效方法是在中国注册任何适用于这些产品的商标。 ### 给买家的建议 如果您是 OEM 产品的买家并且您担心此问题可能对您的业务产生的影响，请首先指示您的商标代理人进行搜索，以查看是否有任何先前已注册的相同或容易混淆的相似商标在中国。 当你在它的时候，指示在中国海关总署中搜索（**海关总署**) 数据库，以确定任何先前相同或容易混淆的商标、版权和/或专利（视情况而定）是否已在海关记录。如果是这样，海关扣留您的 OEM 产品的风险会更高。 如果您的商标可以注册，请尽快提交商标申请，因为注册过程大约需要一年时间才能完成，并且您希望您的商标尽快注册。 **好消息是这个**：如果您的商标用于仅用于出口的 OEM 产品上，则该商标在中国的 OEM 产品上应用该商标相当于在中国“使用”该商标以抗辩不使用索赔。因此，如果您在中国注册您的商标并仅在 OEM 中使用，您的商标将不会因不使用而被取消。