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›
驾驭灰色市场不是一个非黑即白的问题

# 驾驭灰色市场不是一个非黑即白的问题

斯普尔和费舍尔
- 8 4 月 2020

### 许多人认为，灰色商品总是假冒的，购买是非法的。但它们不一定是假的。

有时也称为平行进口，灰色市场商品是商标所有人的真品、非假冒商品，进口到经济区并未经商标所有人同意出售。

因此，例如，消费者可能会以 R15,000 而不是 R18,000 的价格购买 iPad Pro。为什么打折？因为它不是通过官方渠道销售的。

这是怎么发生的？如果品牌所有者错误地判断了一个国家的市场规模，而官方经销商有剩余库存，则平行贸易商会将剩余库存出售给未授权销售商品的国家的买家。

因此，这款特定的 iPad Pro 未经授权在特定司法管辖区销售。但消费者支付较少，并且商品是正品。买家双赢，对吧？

不。

由于仍然存在相当大的缺点，其中最大的缺点是不提供售后保证或保修。警告买家：“让买家当心。”

### 没有保证或保证

法律规定，如果灰色商品带有商标，则必须使用特别通知，明确说明该商品未经商标注册所有人的批准而进口，并且不提供任何保证或保证。

但是，如果有关保修的正确通知没有随灰色商品一起出现怎么办？消费者可能没有得到他们认为他们得到的东西。

假设消费者向授权分销商、制造商或品牌所有者提出保修要求，但遭到拒绝。制造商不能容忍产品，因为它不知道产品是否已被修改、储存不当或已过保质期出售。

在产品离开原始品牌所有者或其授权经销商的控制后，事情可能并且确实会发生，这会影响商品的质量——特别是在食品、化妆品和医药产品的情况下，还有电池等电子产品甚至软件.

如果商品出现质量问题，消费者可能会意识到没有人报告问题，也没有任何补救措施，为时已晚。

### 合规问题

为了确保进口到南非的产品可以安全使用并符合我们国家的法规，我们做了大量工作。这意味着当地监管机构需要了解这些产品，并根据经认可的测试实验室进行的安全测试来批准/不批准它们。

如果未经认证的产品是从平行进口商进口或购买的，并造成财产损失，甚至造成人身伤害或死亡，可能会对所有相关方提起严重的法律诉讼。

### 标签不一致

南非的消费者立法要求未经授权的进口商通知公众它不是商品的授权分销商。但实际上，并非所有未经授权的进口商都对此同样谨慎。

如果进口商转售给信誉良好的商店，例如全国性的特许经营店，他们往往会费力地获得正确的标签，或者在未来面临被切断向大型经销商销售的风险。但是，如果他们在中间商信誉不佳或最终买家不那么细心的非正式市场上销售，则他们不会贴上正确标签或包装的可能性更高。

为此，消费者必须有敏锐的眼光。如果消费者习惯购买某种产品并且熟悉标签，但看到不同的标签（可能包含外文印刷品），请买家注意。该产品不太可能来自他们习惯购买的同一来源。

商标所有者可以向国家消费者委员会 (NCC) 报告错误标签。 NCC 可以接收有关涉嫌被禁止的行为或违法行为的投诉，并将问题转交给国家消费者法庭。

### 对品牌本身的伤害

许多评论家认为平行进口是“东主及其被许可人多年来建立的声誉和商誉的寄生”。

这是因为商标是质量的标志，可帮助消费者做出重复购买或避免将来购买某件商品的决定。除了在制造时证明商品的质量外，商标还有助于通过销售点到售后服务保持该质量。

在严格的价格比较中，灰色商品可能会吸引消费者。但是一旦他们遇到产品问题，他们就会对缺少保修或服务感到失望，并且可能不想再次支持该品牌。

### 对授权经销商的伤害

因为授权经销商熟悉产品和产品线，他们可以在销售产品时增加价值。

他们可以建议消费者购买的产品是否是最适合他们目的的产品“模型”。他们可以确保实施质量控制；即，产品不会超过其保质期出售，在销售前储存在适当的条件下；并且如果特定批次的产品存在任何已知缺陷，他们可以有效地召回。

不幸的是，当授权经销商为原始制造商的产品支付最高价格时，他们不太可能与灰色市场定价竞争。更重要的是，他们是为向公众进行营销并教育消费者了解产品的可取性而付费的人。

如果他们无法竞争，他们可能会停止进口和销售，而消费者最终可能根本无法获得该产品。

最后，虽然消费者能够以较低的成本购买商品有明显的好处，但灰色市场商品仍然存在问题——以至于降低价格的好处可以说被对保证、合规、安全、品牌资产和分销。