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尼日利亚专利——您的问题已得到解答

# 尼日利亚专利——您的问题已得到解答

斯普尔和费舍尔
- 25 10 月 2017

随着非洲经济重要性的增长，该大陆对专利保护的需求也在增长。

## 尼日利亚专利

非洲有时被视为具有挑战性，部分原因是国家和区域注册系统并存。因此，我们将制作一系列针对特定国家或地区的专利法更新。这是该系列中的第三个，它涉及尼日利亚。

### 为什么?

尼日利亚拥有 1.86 亿人口，是非洲人口最多的国家。事实上，尼日利亚的人口增长如此之快，到 2050 年它将超过美国，成为世界第三大人口大国。尼日利亚还拥有非洲最大的经济体（GDP US$4060 亿），几年前已经超过南非。尼日利亚的经济跨越许多领域，包括石油、制造业、金融服务和娱乐服务。

在专利方面，立法是 **专利和外观设计法，第 344 章，1990**.尼日利亚是巴黎公约、世界知识产权组织 (WIPO) 和专利公约条约 (PCT) 的成员。

## Who can file Patents in Nigeria?

立法规定，专利申请可以由 *“法定发明人”*，谁被定义为第一个提出申请或有效要求外国优先权的人，无论是否是真正的发明人。然而，真正的发明者有权在专利中被提及。

如果是在受雇过程中做出的发明，则专利权属于雇主，但如果发明非常重要，雇员将有权获得公平的报酬。

## What patents can be filed in Nigeria?

发明专利可以注册。要获得专利，一项发明必须是新颖的，具有创造性，并且能够在工业上应用。如果一项发明是对已获得专利的发明的改进，并且是新的、源于发明活动并能够在工业上应用，则该发明也可授予专利权。有各种除外责任，尤其包括植物或动物品种。

需要绝对的（世界范围内的）新颖性。如果发明人或其继承人在官方或官方认可的国际公约上通过展览提交申请后六个月内公开，则新颖性不会被破坏。

专利权人有权阻止他人的下列行为：制造、进口、销售或者使用专利产品，以及为销售或者使用目的而储存该产品。就方法而言，专利权人有权阻止他人应用该方法，或者对通过该方法获得的产品进行前述禁止行为。专利权人的权利仅适用于为工业或商业目的所做的行为。

## 如何在尼日利亚申请专利？

非 PCT 专利和国家阶段 PCT 申请有特定的程序要求。在尼日利亚有形式审查但没有实质审查。用立法的话来说，授予专利“由专利权人承担风险，并且不保证其有效性”。没有异议程序，但有取消（撤销）的规定。

## 什么时候？

专利的有效期为自申请日起 20 年，续展费应从申请日一周年起每年缴纳——对于 PCT 国家阶段申请，申请日被视为 PCT 国际申请日。

如果专利发明在申请后四年或授予后三年内没有以合理满足产品需求的方式在商业规模上使用，则有强制许可的规定，以先到期者为准。