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围绕软件专利的专利荒谬

# 围绕软件专利的专利荒谬

斯普尔和费舍尔
- 23 11 月 2022
[专利](https://spoor.com/zh/tag/patents/), [软件专利](https://spoor.com/zh/tag/software-patents/),

“计算机实现的发明”（软件）的专利申请是不断变化的知识产权法中一个引人入胜的领域。

## 为什么会这样，我们是如何到达这里的？

现代软件的先驱是打孔卡，打孔卡上的每个孔代表计算机数据和指令。这导致早期立法者将穿孔卡片纳入版权法，并将其排除在专利法之外。毕竟，如果您无法复制穿孔卡上的孔布局，则穿孔卡（软件）受到了很好的保护。

随着软件发展到现代，软件开发人员很快就意识到版权法不足以保护他们的软件，因为软件通常可以相对容易地用另一种语言重写，例如，并且避免了版权保护。

甚至在上个月，澳大利亚高等法院就一项计算机软件发明的专利权问题作出了分歧判决。

随之而来的是两个阵营之间经常发生的激烈辩论：是否将软件纳入专利法的保护范围之内。

**第一个视图** 是软件不应与其他形式的技术有任何不同的对待，只要它是新的和创造性的，就应该完全获得专利。

**第二种观点** 允许计算机软件申请专利会扼杀创新。

实际上，已经发生的事情是不同国家关于软件专利的法律有不同的发展，主要有两种方法。
一种方法允许软件获得专利，前提是软件实现的功能是新的和创造性的。

这种方法反映了这样一种观点，即不应将软件与任何其他形式的技术区别对待。

这方面的一个例子可能是一种新的和创造性的商业方法，它在一些国家可以获得专利的软件中实施。

[在非洲申请、起诉、管理和执行专利](https://spoor.com/filing-prosecuting-managing-and-enforcing-patents-in-africa/)，你需要知道的一切。

## “技术效果”

另一种更普遍的方法是，只有软件提供了技术效果，或者换句话说，为技术问题提供了技术解决方案，软件才能获得专利。这种“技术效果”软件的一些例子是加快数据传输速度的软件或压缩数据以更好地存储的软件。在这些国家/地区，上述以软件形式实施的创新商业方法示例不可申请专利。

形势瞬息万变，甚至在上个月，该国最高法院澳大利亚高等法院就一项计算机软件发明的专利权问题作出了分歧判决。三名法官裁定一项涵盖游戏机（包括硬件和软件）的专利可授予专利权，三名法官根据与计算机软件专利相关的问题裁定该专利无效。

在南非，我们也有独特的地位。我们的专利 [行为](https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201504/act-57-1978.pdf), 在第 25(2)(e) 条中，将软件排除在可专利性之外，但这受到第 25(3) 条的限制，该条有效地规定排除仅适用于发明与该主题本身相关的范围。

目前，南非没有判例法解释这些部分的含义，因此我们发现自己对什么样的软件在南非可获得专利感到困惑。

## 那么，软件开发人员将何去何从？

由于专利法的这一领域复杂且不断变化，因此对软件开发人员的最佳建议是，如果他们开发了他们认为具有新颖性和创造性的软件，则不应假定该软件不可申请专利。相反，他们应该联系该领域的专家专利代理人。

在南非，专利在申请时不会受到审查，只有在专利被强制执行或受到质疑时才会受到审查。此外，不能为已经发布到公共领域的软件提交专利申请。

这意味着软件开发商不能等到第一个法庭案件开庭审理后再决定是否要为他们的软件申请专利保护。相反，如果他们确实想要专利保护，他们必须在公开他们的发明之前提交专利申请。

专利申请随后将被授予，专利的有效性只会在未来某个时候我们的法院就这一点做出第一个决定时才能确定。