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在肯尼亚保护您的品牌免受假冒者的侵害

# 在肯尼亚保护您的品牌免受假冒者的侵害

卢沃·恩科内
- 11 2 月 2019

对于整个非洲大陆的品牌持有者来说，假冒商品是一个巨大的问题，肯尼亚也不例外。幸运的是，肯尼亚当局正在朝着正确的方向采取措施。肯尼亚的这些积极发展之一是，乌胡鲁·肯雅塔总统最近向所有执法机构发出了严厉的指示，以打击肯尼亚的假冒商品，并尽快销毁这些商品。

与大多数其他非洲国家不同，肯尼亚是撒哈拉以南非洲增长最快的经济体之一。稳定的宏观经济环境、低油价、旅游业反弹、强劲的汇款流入和政府主导的基础设施发展举措推动了经济扩张。

随着肯尼亚经济增长的积极反映，品牌持有者/跨国公司进入这个即将到来的市场是非常有意义的。然而，随着跨国公司在肯尼亚的投资，它为机会主义的造假者复制这些公司的产品打开了大门。

所以这就提出了一个问题——在肯尼亚，品牌持有者将如何保护他们的品牌免受假冒者的侵害？

负责保护肯尼亚边境和市场免受假冒和/或非法商品侵害的保管人是：

- 肯尼亚税务局（“KRA”）；

- 肯尼亚标准局（“KEBS”）；和

- 反假冒机构（“ACA”）。

简而言之，KEBS 负责验证进入肯尼亚市场的产品的质量和标准。 KRA 的任务是对进入肯尼亚边境的产品征税。最后，ACA 负责识别和扣留进入或目前存在于肯尼亚市场的假冒商品。我将在本文中主要关注后者在打击假冒商品方面的作用。

ACA 的权力来自于 2008 年第 13 号肯尼亚反假冒法案（以下简称“法案”），该法案于 2009 年 7 月 1 日生效。肯尼亚反假冒法案专门用于打击肯尼亚的假冒商品贸易.这使肯尼亚成为非洲少数几个专门立法打击假冒商品贸易的国家之一。

特别重要的是，该法案于 2010 年催生了 ACA。ACA 的任务是管理肯尼亚的反假冒政策和法律。该法案被视为赋予了 ACA 众所周知的“牙齿”，以对抗肯尼亚假冒产品的兴起。

尽管 ACA 性格年轻，但自成立以来，它在各个领域都取得了重大成就。根据 ACA 的 2017-2020 战略计划，ACA 的主要成就包括查获价值 8.8 亿先令（超过 850 万美元）的假冒商品。在这些缉获中，涉及价值 5.22 亿先令（超过 500 万美元）的货物的案件已经结案。

肯尼亚打击假冒商品的策略主要有两种。

第一个策略需要指示肯尼亚的商业调查员在肯尼亚市场进行谨慎的调查，其具体任务是识别提供销售和/或销售假冒商品的商店和/或营业场所。一旦确定了潜在的嫌疑人，品牌持有者将能够向 ACA 提出投诉。在考虑投诉后，ACA 将作出必要的安排，以进行搜查和扣押行动（“突袭”）。突袭之后，突袭后程序将启动，如下所述。

第二个策略要求 ACA 主动进入市场并识别提供销售和/或销售假冒商品的商店和/或营业场所。除了市场内执法，ACA 还在肯尼亚的各个入境口岸设有办事处。如果 ACA 查获可疑的假冒商品（在市场上或在入境口岸），他们将立即将查获的商品通知品牌持有人或其肯尼亚代表。

一旦货物被正式扣押，便开始进行突袭后程序。这意味着应代表品牌持有人向 ACA 提交规定的文件。其中一些文件包括：

- 已签名的投诉表；

- 一份分析宣誓书，其中规定了假冒商品的原因；和

- 签署的赔偿。

在提交规定的文件并支付投诉费后，品牌持有人有 3 个月的时间从扣押之日起尝试与嫌疑人/进口商解决此事。

和解协议通常涉及嫌疑人签署一项承诺，其中包括：

1. 将侵权商品交给品牌持有人销毁；不侵犯品牌持有者的任何知识产权；

2. 同意不进口和/或要约销售和/或销售和/或分销带有品牌持有人注册商标的假冒商品；

3. 披露假冒商品的来源；和

4. 直接向 ACA 支付投诉费用和销毁费用。

如果品牌持有人成功解决问题，则该问题将最终确定，然后货物将进行销毁。如果在 3 个月内没有达成和解，ACA 将着手对嫌疑人启动刑事诉讼。

如果嫌疑人在刑事诉讼中被判有罪，法院将 *除其他外* 命令将货物没收给国家以进行销毁，嫌疑人可能面临不超过五 (5) 年的监禁或罚款，或在某些情况下两者兼施。在第二次犯罪的情况下，嫌疑人可能面临不超过十五 (15) 年的监禁或罚款，或在某些情况下两者兼而有之。

总之，很明显，肯尼亚打击假冒商品的预测是有希望的，我们预计在不久的将来会收到进一步的积极成果。

*本文首发于《商业日》*.