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食谱抄袭难以证明

# 食谱抄袭难以证明

卡尔·范·鲁恩
- 22 10 月 2011

### 你能为一个食谱申请专利吗？关于如何制作牛排三明治的说明有版权吗？

在最近的一场骚动中，备受赞誉的南非犯罪作家 Deon Meyer 受到抨击，因为他和他的妻子 Anita 在他们的新书 Kom Eet 中抄袭了最初由 Sarie Kos 的食品编辑 Barbara Joubert 创建的食谱！ Om die tafel 遇到了 Anita en Deon Meyer。

“作为一般原则，获得配方专利是极其困难的，因为要注册，它应该是新颖的（在世界任何地方）和创造性的，除非你设计了一种全新的和创造性的方法来制作面包或烘焙世界上任何地方以前从未做过的羊腿，就不会有专利，”知识产权法律专家 Spoor & Fisher 的合伙人 Carl van Rooyen 说。 “专利问题根本不适用于 Meyers 的书，因为任何配方都不存在专利。”

在版权问题上，南非版权法自动为某些类型的作品的创作者提供版权保护，这些作品是思想的产物，并且在满足某些标准的情况下已被简化为物质形式。食谱——一份包含如何准备菜肴的说明的配料清单——简化为书面形式可能是该法案中定义的文学作品，这意味着食谱书的作者拥有这本书和食谱的版权按照书中规定的格式。但这在现实世界中意味着什么呢？

“如果我从一个朋友那里听说了一个很棒的千层面食谱，他告诉我所有的成分以及如何制作这道菜，那么不存在侵犯版权的问题，因为我只是口头上得到了一个食谱，我有权使用该食谱.如果我阅读书中的食谱并通过添加更多盐或更少胡椒粉来稍微改变它，并在更高的温度下烹饪产品，那么我实际上是在创建自己的食谱，”Van Rooyen 说。 “关键是版权保护的是纸上的实际工作，而不是想法。版权不能阻止任何人使用该食谱。它只能阻止其他人以特定形式复制该食谱，例如，在他们自己的食谱书中。很难证明一个食谱被复制了，因为以任何小的方式改变成分或准备方式都会使其成为厨师独有的。因此，我们可以有把握地假设 Deon 和 Anita Meyer 创造了他们自己喜欢的食谱版本，并将它们放在一本书中。这些食谱适用于相当标准的菜肴。对他们的行为提出异议，就像试图为汉堡包或意大利肉酱意粉的食谱申请版权一样。”因此，Joubert 不太可能有任何追索权或方法来证明 Meyers 抄袭了她的鸡肉派配韭菜和土豆、巧克力布丁或熏鲑鱼和番茄意大利面的食谱。

Van Rooyen 指出，该投诉可能是由于 Meyers 对 Joubert 明显缺乏认可而引起的。国际烹饪专业人士协会建议对已发表的食谱进行适当的归属，除非它已被大幅更改以致不再与其来源相似。 Meyers 夫妇显然已经为没有将 Joubert 的食谱归功于她而道歉。