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南非：假冒和起床的组合

# 南非：假冒和起床的组合

斯普尔和费舍尔
- 16 5 月 2019

假冒案件通常只涉及比较两个商标或修饰。但最近南非的判决 ***Beiersdorf AG 诉 Koni Multinational Brands (Pty) Ltd（2019 年 2 月 12 日）*** 有点不同。它涉及一方使用由另一方使用的各种起床组合而成的起床。它涉及一些有趣的问题，例如残余声誉和持久关联。

德国公司拜尔斯道夫是妮维雅商标的所有者。该公司的产品之一是妮维雅男士沐浴露。南非公司 Koni 以 Connie 商标销售男士沐浴露。拜尔斯道夫声称，Koni 的沐浴露在其产品中被淘汰，因为它采用了类似的妆容，蓝色的妆容具有强烈的特征。

Koni 辩护的主旨是，这些年来妮维雅的装扮发生了多次变化，而与康妮装扮最接近的妮维雅装扮实际上在康妮产品问世之前就已经停产了。市场。拜尔斯道夫的反击是科尼 *“从……（其）稳定的过去和现在的独特标志和特征中借用，以创造一种对普通消费者具有欺骗性的复合物。”*

费舍尔法官指出了这些服装之间的许多相似之处：蓝色、白色和银色的整体颜色组合，品牌名称以白色出现；某些描述性文字使用绿色；使用波浪形图形特征；以及使用类似尺寸的容器。

在处理起床的相关性时，费舍尔法官提到了南非著名的 **Adidas Sportschufabriken Adi Dassler KG v Harry Walt & Co (Pty) Ltd 1976 (1) SA 530，** 法院说'*本案中使用不同的名称不足以抵消原告和被告各自商品外观明显相似对购买公众的欺骗性影响。*

然后法官继续处理以下事实： *'明显差异*' 介于康妮化妆品和康妮上市时使用的妮维雅化妆品之间。但她觉得这些差异'*并没有改变两种产品之间可能存在混淆的事实。* 法官说'*装扮和标志有可能通过改变和品牌重塑来保持声誉，为了唤起怀旧感和持久感，在市场上重新审视历史品牌并不罕见*.'她说 *“在某些情况下，市场上对过去装扮的记忆可以产生持久的联想，并且可以比装扮和品牌重塑的变化更持久。”* 她这样说：‘* 我承认，如果与特定商标或品牌有必要的区别，则起装的部分可能足以造成混淆，并且这些部分的使用是否已停止并不重要。*

法官接着说，在这种情况下，'f*对产品的特征解构主义分析是无益的。* 她提到一个著名的古英语判决，她说，即使故意不是假冒的必要条件，“*答辩人的起立表现出“紧张到每一个神经”的所有迹象，以唤起申请人的产品。*' 在总结如下： 'T*他从申请人的起床方面随着时间的推移创建的复合材料具有欺骗性……（它）明显地唤起了申请人的品牌。*

所以有假冒。