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坦桑尼亚与驰名商标

# 坦桑尼亚与驰名商标

斯普尔和费舍尔
- 16 2 月 2023
[判断](https://spoor.com/zh/tag/judgment/), [坦桑尼亚](https://spoor.com/zh/tag/tanzania/), [商标](https://spoor.com/zh/tag/trade-marks/),

坦桑尼亚做出了罕见的商标判决。

**案子**
一家坦桑尼亚公司 Wilmar Resources Pte Limited (Wilmar) 申请在坦桑尼亚注册第 3 类和第 5 类商标 Tiffany。该申请遭到全球公司 Tiffany & Company 的反对。

**知名商标**
Tiffany & Company 声称它是驰名商标 Tiffany 的所有者，该商标已在 160 个国家/地区注册。它声称该品牌已经使用了大约 180 年，并且在世界范围内广为人知。

蒂芙尼公司声称蒂芙尼的申请违反了《公平竞争法》、《巴黎公约》和 WTO TRIPS 协定的多个条款。*

**丰益国际的回应——地域性**
丰益国际严重依赖领土问题。它提到南非的判决 *维多利亚的秘密在。 v Edgars Stores Ltd (428/92) (1994) ZASCA 43，* 法院是这样说的：

'*商标是一个纯粹的地域概念；仅在其使用和注册的领土内具有法律效力。因此，商标法中商标的所有权、实际使用或拟议使用均以该款在南非共和国境内为前提。*

**判决书**

***知名度测试***
听证官（副注册官）参考了《与贸易有关的知识产权（TRIPS 协定）巴黎公约》（第 6 条之二）下的驰名商标国际保护标准。以下因素很重要：

- 对商标的了解程度；

- 使用的持续时间和范围；

- 与之相关的任何宣传的持续时间和范围；

- 它在全球范围内的注册数量；

- 所有者能够证明他已保护其免受复制和商标价值的努力。

WIPO 联合决议第 2 条第(2)款规定，相关公众应包括：

- 商标适用的商品和/或服务类型的实际和/或潜在消费者；

- 参与该商标适用的商品和/或服务类型的分销渠道的人员；

- 处理商标适用的商品和/或服务类型的商业圈。

丰益国际承认该商标已在 160 个国家注册。

**在其他司法管辖区驰名的商标是否在坦桑尼亚获得法律保护？**
听证官指出该法第 19 条规定以下内容不能注册 – ' *构成复制、翻译或转录的商标或服务商标，容易混淆商标或服务商标以及在该国众所周知且属于第三方的企业或公司名称。*

听证官对此的解释如下——“驰名商标是指那些在坦桑尼亚而非仅在国际上广为人知的商标。” *他接着说，“毫无疑问，蒂芙尼是坦桑尼亚以外的知名品牌。但是，我没有找到太多证据证明仅蒂芙尼商标在坦桑尼亚市场领域就为第 3 类和第 5 类商品所熟知。*'

听证官的结局如下： *“商标是否驰名的地区标准检验要求商标必须在国内驰名，并且在申请时和确定可注册性时都必须驰名。”*

**结果**
听证官这样说：“我不愿意接受异议人在坦桑尼亚境外拥有的商标在坦桑尼亚驰名。”

于是异议失败，以丰益国际名义在第3类和第5类Tiffany的申请继续注册。

**《公平竞争法》第 19(1) 和 (d) 条，以及第 15(1)、16(1) 和 19 条，《巴黎公约》第 6 条之二和第 100 条之二，以及 WTO TRIPS 第 16 条协议。*