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非洲商标：五步计划

# 非洲商标：五步计划

斯普尔和费舍尔
- 5 11 月 2021

## 非洲商标背景

对于一些商标所有人来说，非洲只不过是事后才想到的。这是没有道理的：非洲是一个充满活力的大陆，人口非常年轻，而且由于非洲大陆自由贸易协定 (AfCFTA)，它正在成为一个在一定程度上与知识产权保持一致的单一市场。

然而，非洲可能令人困惑。它提供了多种注册选项：

- 国家注册；

- 区域注册系统——主要是法语国家的 OAPI 和主要英语国家的 ARIPO，详情见后文；

- 国际注册体系（马德里议定书）。

我们应该指出，一个未能将国际协定正式纳入其国家立法的非洲国家，是否实际上已适当地加入了该国际协定，有时存在疑问。我们建议商标所有人在通过区域或国际系统提交申请之前寻求建议。

**下面总结了在非洲保护商标的五步计划。**

## 第 1 步：搜索，始终搜索

在非洲，搜索很棘手。有些国家仍然完全依赖人工记录，有些国家的电子数据库不完整，因此需要进行额外的物理搜索。有些国家属于马德里议定书，但国际注册并未出现在国家数据库中。

还有一些国家不允许第三方访问电子数据库。第三方进行的大部分搜索都基于官方期刊，但从提交到出版之间的时间延迟长达 24 个月，这些搜索通常是不完整的。

尽管如此，搜索仍然很重要。在许多国家，对在先权利进行官方审查，因此提前了解可能存在的障碍显然是有用的。在非洲搜索可能很困难，但应该这样做。

## 第 2 步：注册，但考虑选项

注册至关重要，尤其是在无法依赖驰名商标保护或假冒的国家——但该采取哪种途径？

### 国家注册

这些在整个非洲都可以使用，但在属于 OAPI 的国家/地区不可用（见下文）。

### 非洲知识产权组织 (OAPI)

没有国家注册的国家是属于OAPI区域注册系统的法语国家。

在这里，一次注册自动覆盖所有 17 个成员国。

### 亚洲知识产权组织

商标所有人只需提交一份申请并指定需要保护的国家，即可在属于 ARIPO 商标体系的国家获得保护。

### 国际注册

相当数量的非洲国家现在是马德里议定书的成员，因此商标所有者可以通过国际注册在这些国家获得保护。然而，如前所述，国家法律的制定存在潜在问题。

**欲了解更多信息，请阅读我们的** [商标介绍 – 完整指南](https://spoor.com/trade-mark-introduction-a-complete-guide/).

## 第三步：监控和反对

监控很重要——这不仅与侵权的实际和虚拟市场有关，还与商标申请有关。商标异议通常比商标撤销容易得多。许多商标异议，特别是在涉及盗版申请的情况下，没有得到辩护，在一些国家，这导致异议默认成功。

## 第 4 步：考虑不使用是否真的有风险

跨国公司有时对提出商标异议感到紧张，因为他们担心可能会被要求提交自己在特定国家使用的证据。然而，在大多数国家，注册申请人仅仅通过声称未使用来回应反对意见是不够的：它必须提交正式的撤销申请。

很少有人愿意这样做，并且应该仔细考虑提出异议所涉及的风险。

## 第 5 步：处理假冒

假冒在非洲是一个问题，但并非不可克服，而且有理由采取积极的态度。一些非洲国家现在有专门的防伪立法和专门的防伪机构。

跨国品牌所有者应与执法官员合作（必要时协助培训），他们应利用现有的海关监管程序。然而，他们能做的最重要的事情也是最简单的：注册商标。

非洲的商标保护可能令人困惑，但注册至关重要，尤其是在无法依赖驰名商标保护或假冒的国家。

[梅根·迪尼](https://spoor.com/our-people/megan-dinnie/), Spoor & Fisher Jersey 的合伙人。

阅读更多关于—— [非洲商标](https://spoor.com/trade-marks-in-africa-3/)